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Quiz

Pharmacognosy - 5.11 Diuretics

Diuretics from Natural Sources

Diuretics

By Mr. Bhosale, SKCP, Kasbe Digraj

How to Access the Quiz for This Chapter

Click on Quiz on the right → enter your Details → select D. Pharmacy → choose Pharmacognosy → then select 5.11 Diuretics.

Diuretics are a class of drugs that increase the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. They are also known as water pills.

How diuretics work

  • Diuretics help the body get rid of excess salt and fluid.
  • They affect the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys.
  • They impact the balance of sodium and water, which in turn affects blood pressure and blood volume.

Uses of diuretics

  • Diuretics are used to treat high blood pressure, edema, heart failure, and other conditions.
  • They are the most commonly prescribed drugs for hypertension in the United States.

Gokhru

Synonyms

Caltrops fruit, Puncture vine

Biological Source

Dried ripe seeds of Tribulus terrestris (ट्रिब्युलस टेरेस्ट्रिस)

Native Region

Found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including India.

Family

Zygophyllaceae (ज़ायगोफिलेसिए)

Major Chemical Constituents

  • Alkaloids: Harman, Harmine
  • Saponins: Diosgenin, Gitogenin, Chlorogenin, Ruscogenin
  • Flavonoids: (Quercetin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin)
  • Phytosterols: ẞ-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol
  • Cinnamic Amide Derivatives: Terestigmide

Minor Chemical Constituents

Tannins, Carbohydrates, Resins, Essential Oils

Uses

  • Primary Use: Diuretic, aphrodisiac, and anti-inflammatory agent.
  • Additional Uses:
    • Relieves painful urination.
    • Enhances libido and sexual performance by stimulating reproductive organs.
    • Anti-arthritic properties.
    • Immune booster and General tonic.

Punarnava

Synonyms

Hog Weed

Regional Names

Hindi & Marathi: Punarnava (पुनर्नवा)

Biological Source

Root of Boerhavia diffusa (बोएरहाविया डिफ्यूसा). Native to India.

Family

Nyctaginaceae (न्यक्टाजिनेसी)

Major Chemical Constituents

  • Alkaloid: Punarnavine
  • Phenolic Glycoside: Punarnavoside
  • Other CC: Ursolic Acid, Potassium Nitrate

Minor Chemical Constituents

Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Resins, Carbohydrates

Uses

  • Primary Use: Acts as a potent diuretic, beneficial in renal disorders.
  • Additional Uses:
    • Management of edema, liver health, arthritis, skin disorders, cardiac disorders, respiratory conditions, and fever.
    • Treatment of jaundice, hepatitis, and anemia.
    • Exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties.
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